EPP results and clinical relevance

Friday, November 4th, 2011

A protoporphyrin IX molecule

Over recent months I have written several times of the need for Clinuvel to prove clinical relevance in our trials with the use of SCENESSE® (afamelanotide) in erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). In orphan populations the need to demonstrate how a novel drug assists in their daily activities and improve their lives is at the forefront of the regulators’ minds. And so it should be, after all the objective of the pharmaceutical industry is to develop drugs which address either disease or symptoms adequately and safely. The results the company released yesterday from our Phase II US study of the drug in EPP (CUV030) have given us important data towards demonstrating clinically relevant improvement of patients’ lives. (more…)

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Clinical relevance – the value of patient experiences

Friday, September 30th, 2011

Since 2006 Clinuvel has trialed SCENESSE® in a truly unique group of individuals: patients living with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), a rare genetic blood disorder which causes an absolute intolerance to light.

EPP prevents patients from leading ‘normal’ lives, especially outdoors. It is one of the few diseases that manifest clinically with initially invisible symptoms which cause severe dermal pain for several days. This not only presents a challenge for diagnosis and treatment, but also for generating meaningful clinical trial results – those which are measurable numerically and are used by regulatory authorities to evaluate the efficacy of a drug in a patient population. Here, real life patient experiences during a trial can play an important role in providing clinical relevance and analysing hard data. (more…)

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Who wins from pharma cost-cutting?

Friday, September 23rd, 2011

Earlier this month Sanofi, the world’s fourth largest pharmaceutical company by revenues, announced that it would go on a cost-cutting spree, trimming its expenditure by $US2.9billion annually and cutting many thousands of jobs in the process. Amidst the upheaval, Sanofi stated its key goal for 2012 onwards was ‘generating sustainable growth’ for shareholders (the complete presentation can be viewed here). One of the key targets for its cuts was R&D costs, both in terms of overall spend and employee headcount. (more…)

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‘Off-Label’ Drugs: Regulations and Policies

Tuesday, September 20th, 2011

As we recently discussed, a number pharmaceutical companies have been fined for promoting off-label uses of their drugs. These practices are difficult to control and the monetary penalties seem to have had little effect on manufacturers, as the number of off-label breaches being reported continues to grow.

In the world of contemporary medicine, off-label prescribing plays a fundamental role in providing the best available standard of care for several health problems. In some areas of practice, including oncology, pediatrics and obstetrics, off-label prescribing provides some of the best known interventions for patients. Yet, off-label prescriptions can also threaten the safety of the patients if they are not supported by legitimate scientific evidence. Hence, promoting such uses of drugs is not encouraged by the regulatory authorities with a view to safeguard the health of patients (a key regulatory role). (more…)

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Study: pharma ads failing FDA guidelines

Thursday, August 25th, 2011

The marketing model for US prescription pharmaceuticals is often debated for its direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising as the United States is one of the few jurisdictions globally which allows this type of marketing. Yet equally debated is promotion directly to physicians, key decision makers in the prescription process. Physician promotion comes in many forms, ranging from one on one visits with sales representatives to educational sponsorship to the ubiquitous branded pen. (more…)

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The importance of clinical relevance

Tuesday, August 2nd, 2011

Development of novel drugs is truly like no other business: one attempts to address questions that may have never been previously posed – let alone answered – in the pursuit of improving the lives and quality of life of patients. As I eluded to in my recent letter to shareholders, the team is now well into the analysis of results from our erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) program; two studies from the US and Europe. This is a complex and time consuming task that requires one to collate and make sense of thousands of data points to answer a seemingly straight forward question: does this trial show that the drug is safe and effective?

Obtaining an answer needs to be understood from the concept of clinical relevance. Put simply, results don’t just need to show that a treatment or intervention has an effect on a disease. Rather, they need to indicate that that effect is relevant to the current clinical understanding, treatment and care for the disease or indication. They need to show that the drug’s effect is having a positive, meaningful impact upon a patient’s prognosis and care. This is a crucial point to consider in the development of protocols and in the careful analysis of results, as it is how regulators will review the results. (more…)

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‘Off-Label’ Drugs: Promotions and Promises

Wednesday, July 27th, 2011

Use of drugs in patient populations for purposes which are not approved by the regulatory authorities is termed ‘off-label’ use. As the regulatory authorities do not have specific power over doctors’ prescribing habits (provided that the doctor assumes the medical risk), it is a common practice to prescribe drugs for purposes which have not been authorised by the regulators. While it is legal for doctors to prescribe off-label drugs, it is illegal for companies to market the use of these drugs. (more…)

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Stem cells: potential for regeneration

Tuesday, June 14th, 2011

Stem cells are immature, unspecialised cells which have the ability to develop into other adult cells with a specific function, i.e. skin cells, red blood cells, nerve cells (neurons), etc.

Stem cells have two important properties:

  1. They are capable of renewing themselves indefinitely, i.e. they can divide many times to produce lots of other stem cells.
  2. They have the ability to differentiate. This means that they can grow and mature into a specialised cell. Differentiation may involve changes in the cell’s size, shape, interaction with their surrounding environment and activity/function. This process requires external stimulation from chemical factors, or other cells, to activate and regulate the development of stem cells into specialised cells when they are needed.

(more…)

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The challenges of ‘orphan’: can drug development cope with rare diseases?

Thursday, June 9th, 2011

Scarcely a day goes by that the Clinuvel team is not contacted regarding the latest conference: everything from monitoring to manufacturing to marketing is analysed, discussed and disputed across the globe in conference form. It’s impossible – and unwise – for small companies to try to attend all these forums, but it is equally impossible to work in the space without looking outside the office door: there is much to be learned from what others have done or not done to succeed in an industry fraught with failure.

And indeed there was much to take on at the recent World Orphan Drug Summit, held in Frankfurt last week. (more…)

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At what cost, expertise?

Thursday, May 26th, 2011

Drug development is time consuming, expensive and fraught with risk. Setting aside commercial considerations, the scientific rational for the use of a drug and its introduction into the clinic requires a deep level of scientific and medical understanding in an environment which is continuously changing. The less common the drug class or clinical indication, the less likely one is to find individual experts who have the capacity  to properly evaluate whether a drug is safe and effective for use in a clinical setting. Here one needs to learn while progressing, learning on the job due to lack of precedent.

If one identifies scientific experts in the field of interest, they are likely to be highly specialised physicians and basic scientists; often these experts will want to be involved on a potential breakthrough by accessing the prospective and novel therapy in their field of expertise. (more…)

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